White Lion is a heavy metal band that was formed in New York City in 1983 by Danish-born vocalist Mike Tramp and guitarist Vito Bratta. Mainly active in the 1980s and early 1990s, the band acheived double platnium status, with ther #3 hit “When The Children Cry”. White Lion disbanded in 1992, but was reformed again by Mike Tramp in 1999 with all new musicians.

Biography
Fighting to survive
After moving from Denmark to New York in 1982, vocalist Mike Tramp (ex-Mabel,ex-Studs) met Brooklyn guitarist Vito Bratta (ex-Dreamer) and decided to form a band. The two recruited drummer Nicki Capozzi and bassist Felix Robinson (formerly of Angel) and named the group White Lion.

White Lion was signed by Elektra Records in 1983 and recorded their debut Fight to Survive. However, Elektra was unhappy with the final recording, and after refusing to release the album, terminated their contract.

Both Capozzi and Robinson soon left the band. Nicki Capozzi was replaced by former Anthrax drummer Greg D’Angelo, and Felix Robinson was replaced by bassist Dave Spitz (brother of Anthrax guitarist Dan Spitz). Within a month of joining, however, Dave Spitz left to play bass with Black Sabbath and was replaced by James Lomenzo.

The album Fight To Survive was eventually picked up by RCA and released in Japan in 1984. The small US independent label Grand Slamm records finally released Fight To Survive in the US on November 9, 1985. A few months later, Grand Slam records went bankrupt.
In early 1986, White Lion, with a fictitious “female” member, had a brief part in the Tom Hanks/Shelley Long movie The Money Pit.

The road to success
Early in 1987, the band was signed by Atlantic Records (which ironically is a sister label to Elektra) and on June 21, 1987, their breakthrough album, Pride, was released. The first single, “Wait”, was released on June 1, 1987, but did not make waves for nearly seven months.

The Pride tour started in July 1987 as White Lion opened for Ace Frehley’s 80s band Frehley’s Comet. The next year and a half was filled with constant touring, opening for such bands as Aerosmith, Ozzy Osbourne, Stryper, KISS and in January 1988 White Lion landed the opening slot for AC/DC on their Blow Up Your Video American tour. While touring with AC/DC, the Pride album and “Wait” single finally charted, due in no small part to MTV airing the “Wait” music video in regular rotation - nearly seven months after the single’s release. “Wait” hit #8 on the singles chart, while Pride hit #11 on the album charts. Pride would remain on the top 200 Billboard album charts for a full year.

In August 1988, the album’s second single “Tell Me” hit #58. Around the time this single was released, White Lion played at the Ritz club in New York City. Like Guns N’ Roses before them, White Lion’s show at the Ritz was filmed and later aired on MTV.
The Pride album’s third single, a gentle acoustic ballad titled “When the Children Cry”, made it all the way to #3 with heavy MTV rotation, making Pride one of about 20 hard rock albums to ever have multiple top 10 hits.

The success of “When the Children Cry” would eventually push sales of Pride over the two million mark. In addition, Vito Bratta was recognized for his instrumental talents by racking up Best New Guitarist awards with both Guitar World magazine and Guitar For The Practicing Musician magazine.

In the spring of 1989, the Pride tour finally ended, but rather than take a break, they instead chose to record the next album, a decision the group later came to regret due to the effects of fatigue from heavy touring on the final product.

Life after MTV
In August 1989, White Lion released their third album, Big Game, a musically eclectic follow-up to Pride that featured the singles “Little Fighter” (which peaked at #52), “Cry For Freedom” (did not chart), and a cover of Golden Earring’s “Radar Love” (which peaked at #59). The album quickly went gold, but without a hit single, slowly declined, with a peak of #19 on the album charts.

After two years of writing and recording, the new album, Mane Attraction. During the recording sessions for this album, their record company allowed the band to make exactly the album they wanted to. As a result, the album is usually viewed as a mixed effort, where the band is trying to do too many things at once. The album failed to chart like the last two albums, although this may also be due to the general public’s shifting tastes towards grunge.

Greg D’Angelo and James Lomenzo left the band soon after the album’s release, citing “musical differences”, but White Lion carried on with bassist Tommy T-Bone Caradonna and drummer Jimmy DeGrasso (Megadeth, Alice Cooper, Suicidal Tendencies, Y&T, Fiona). After briefly touring in support of Mane Attraction, Tramp and Bratta decided to call it a day, their last show being held in Boston at the Channel in September 1991.
[edit]Social issues

Unlike most bands of their genre, White Lion recorded occasional songs that addressed social or political issues such as apartheid (”Cry for Freedom”) and the effect of divorce on children (”Broken Home”). The song “Little Fighter” was about the Rainbow Warrior, a ship owned by the environmental group Greenpeace that was illegally destroyed by French commandos. This concern for political and social issues was also hinted at in the cover art to their album Big Game, which featured a lion’s head hidden in tall grass with the White House in the background.

After White Lion
Mike Tramp went on to form Freak of Nature. Freak of Nature released three albums, Freak of Nature, Gathering of Freaks, and Outcasts. Mike Tramp went on as a solo artist. He has released four studio albums and one live album so far; Capricorn, Recovering the Wasted Years, More To Life Than This, and Songs I Left Behind as studio efforts, with Rock n’ Roll Alive as his sole live album. Today, Tramp continues his solo career, recording and releasing his own music. Through his website, fans can find media from his solo career, as well as White Lion.

James Lomenzo and Greg D’Angelo joined Zakk Wylde’s band, Lynyrd Skynhead in the mid 90’s which became the band Pride & Glory when Greg D’Angelo was replaced by Brian Tichy. Pride & Glory released one album, then James Lomenzo left the band. James went on to record and tour with ex-Van Halen frontman David Lee Roth and toured with Zakk Wylde’s band Black Label Society. In February 2006, James joined the legendary thrash band Megadeth on a permanent basis. Greg D’Angelo was the drummer for the band AntiProduct in 2006. Greg D’angelo is also filling in on drums for Britny Fox on 2007 US/European tour since their drummer Johnny Dee is unable to tour.

Vito Bratta stayed briefly with Atlantic Records to help produce an album for CPR, and later tried to form a new music group that never panned out. Sadly, despite a very dedicated worldwide following of guitar aficionados, Vito was not seen or heard from publicly since 1994 until his interview by Eddie Trunk live on February 16, 2007.

The New White Lion and legal issues
In 1999 Mike Tramp with new musicians released Rembering White Lion also released as The Last Roar and Ultimate White Lion which featured new versions of some of White Lion’s classic songs and then in October 2003, Mike Tramp announced a White Lion reunion with the original line up. This statement was quickly denied by the other former members. Later Tramp said that Vito Bratta wanted nothing to do with a reunion. With summer festivals in Europe already booked, Tramp attempted to put together a “new White Lion” featuring former members James Lomenzo, and Jimmy DeGrasso, along with Warren DeMartini of Ratt. Vito Bratta filed suit claiming partial ownership of the name, and the tour was scrapped. Tramp later revealed that despite his willingness, “There will never be an original White Lion reunion”.

In 2005, with legal battles finally out of the way, Mike Tramp again organized a group of unknown musicians and named the act Tramp’s White Lion. ‘TWL’ (White Lion 2) played White Lion songs, touring and releasing a double-live CD entitled Tramp’s White Lion: Rockin’ The USA. In November and December 2006, Tramp’s White Lion played several dates in Europe including Sweden, Norway, Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark. The UK dates with Crimes of Passion were abandoned due to illness.

On February 16, 2007, Vito appeared on “The Eddie Trunk” radio show in New York, stating that despite what Mike Tramp said, he had never turned down any offer to reform White Lion or refused a White Lion reunion, stating that what Mike Tramp had said was not true, but, rather, that at the time Mike had approached him, Vito’s father was sick and dying and he could not leave him to do a reunion tour at that time. He added that he would still be open to the idea and has not closed the door to returning to music industry again. Trunk also made it clear that Vito’s involvement in the show was something that he had wanted to happen since White Lion first broke up in 1991. Vito took calls and answered questions from fans for almost 3 hours. On Friday April 6 and 7, 2007, at the L’Amours Reunion Shows in New York (the club that made White Lion), Vito made his first public musical appearances at both Friday and Saturday night’s shows in over 15 years. Mike Tramp was not present.

Three weeks later Mike Tramp called the same show from Australia, speaking about Vito and the band’s new album, including the tour dates that Tramp’s White Lion had recently confirmed. Tramp said that he was thankful that Vito had finally answered fan’s questions, the same questions he himself had been bombarded with over the past 15 years. He also stated that he felt uncomfortable answering on Vito’s behalf, and that he was upset that Vito had withdrawn himself from the music industry.

A White Lion Definitive Collection album was released in 2007. Summer of 2007 Tour featuring Tramp’s White Lion opening up for Poison and Ratt was cancelled after threatened legal action by Bratta caused them to be dropped by the promoter.
This threatened legal action however did not stop the band from appearing at Rocklahoma in Pryor, Ok on July 13th, 2007 with Poison, Ratt, Quiet Riot, Slaughter, Y&T, Dirty Penny, Greg Leon Invasion and Zendozer. After this the also toured the US. A new studio album entitled “Return of the Pride” will be released on March 14, 2008 (Frontiers records and King records) (Sources : melodicrock.com and frontiers.it ).

Classic line up
Mike Tramp - vocals, songwriter (1983 - present)
Vito Bratta - guitars, songwriter (1983-1992)
James Lomenzo - bass (1984-1992)
Greg D’Angelo - drums (1984-1992)

Current members
Mike Tramp - vocals, songwriter (1983 - present)
Jamie Law - guitars (2005 - present)
Troy Patrick Farrell - drums (2005 - present)
Claus Langeskov - bass (2005 - present)
Henning Wanner - keyboards (2005 - present)

Former members
Vito Bratta - guitars, songwriter (1983-1992)
James Lomenzo - bass (1984-1992)
Greg D’Angelo - drums (1984-1992)
Nicki Capozzi - drums (1983-1984)
Felix Robinson - bass (1983-1984)
Dave Spitz - bass (1984)
Dan Hemmer - Hammond B-3 organ (1998-2005)
Kasper Damgaard - guitar (1998-2005)
Nils Kroyer - bass (1998-2005)
Bjarne T. Holm - drums (1998-2005)

Touring members
Tommy T-Bone Caradonna - bass (1991)
Jimmy DeGrasso - drums (1991)
[edit]Discography

Fight to Survive (November 9, 1985)
Pride (June 21, 1987)
Big Game (August 10, 1989)
Mane Attraction (1991)
The Best Of White Lion - Greatest hits compilation (1992)
Remembering White Lion - new versions (1999)
Anthology 83-89 - demos/previously unreleased songs (2004)
Rocking The USA - live album (November 8, 2006)
The Definitive Rock Collection - compilation (2007)
Return of the Pride (2008)

Charts
Album - Billboard (North America)
Year Album Chart Position
1988 Pride The Billboard 200 11
1988 Fight To Survive (reissue) The Billboard 200 151
1989 Big Game The Billboard 200 19
1991 Mane Attraction The Billboard 200 61

Videography
Live at the Ritz (1988)
One night in Tokyo (1988)
Escape from Brooklyn (1991)
Concert Anthology: 1987-1991 (2005)

Motörhead are a British heavy metal band formed in 1975 by bassist, singer and songwriter Lemmy, who has remained the sole constant member. Usually a power trio, Motörhead had particular success in the early 1980s with several successful singles in the UK Top 40 chart. The albums Overkill, its follow on, Bomber, Ace of Spades, and particularly No Sleep ’til Hammersmith, cemented Motörhead’s reputation as one of Britain’s foremost heavy metal groups. More recent exposure has included providing wrestler Triple H’s entrance music, and performing live at WrestleMania events; and in 2004, contributing the song, “You Better Swim”, to the soundtrack of The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. (more…)

Bon Jovi is a hard rock band from Sayreville, New Jersey. Fronted by lead singer and namesake Jon Bon Jovi, the group originally achieved large-scale success in the 1980s.

Bon Jovi formed in 1983 with lead singer Jon Bon Jovi, guitarist Richie Sambora, keyboardist David Bryan, bassist Alec John Such, and drummer Tico Torres. Other than the departure of Alec John Such in 1994 (which pared the lineup down to a quartet), the lineup has remained the same for the past 23 years.

After two moderately successful albums in 1984 and 1985, the band scored big with Slippery When Wet (1986) and New Jersey (1988), which sold a combined 19 million copies in the U.S. alone, charted eight Top Ten hits, and launched the band into global superstardom. After non-stop touring, the band went on hiatus after the New Jersey Tour in 1990, during which time Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora both released successful solo albums. In 1992, the band returned with the double platinum Keep the Faith and has since created a string of platinum albums throughout the 1990s and 2000s, also expanding their musical horizons, combining rock with such genres as pop, adult contemporary, and country. The band has also been credited with inspiring the MTV Unplugged series with their famous sit-down acoustic performance at the 1989 MTV Video Music Awards.

In 2006, the band won a Grammy for best Country Collaboration for “Who Says You Can’t Go Home” with Jennifer Nettles from Sugarland and also became the first rock band to reach #1 on the Hot Country Songs chart with the same song. They have also been nominated twice for the smash hit “It’s My Life” and two songs from the album Bounce, “Misunderstood” and “Everyday”.
Throughout their career, the band has released ten studio albums, of which nine have gone platinum. In addition, the band has charted 19 singles to the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100, four of which reached #1 (”You Give Love a Bad Name”, “Livin’ on a Prayer”, “Bad Medicine”, and “I’ll Be There for You”). The band also holds the record for the most weeks for a hard rock album at #1 on the Billboard 200 with Slippery When Wet, as well as the most Top 10 singles from a hard rock album, with New Jersey, which charted five such singles.

Over the past 23 years, Bon Jovi has sold over 120 million albums worldwide[1], 34 million in the United States alone[2].

Formation
Jon Bon Jovi
Founding member Jon Bon Jovi began to play piano and guitar at thirteen with his first band, called Raze. He was enrolled in an all-boys Catholic school, St. Joseph High School in Metuchen, New Jersey, but left to attend public school at Sayreville War Memorial High School.[3] At sixteen, Bon Jovi met David Bryan (born David Bryan Rashbaum) and formed a 12-piece cover band named Atlantic City Expressway after the New Jersey highway. They played at New Jersey clubs, even though they were minors. Still in his teens, Bon Jovi played in the band John Bongiovi and the Wild Ones, playing local clubs like “The Fast Lane” and opening for known acts in the area.

By mid-1982, out of school and working part-time in a shoe store, Bon Jovi took a job at the Power Station Studios, a Manhattan recording facility where his cousin, Tony Bongiovi, was a co-owner. Bon Jovi made several demos (including one produced by Billy Squier) and sent them out to many record companies, but failed to make an impact.

In 1983, Bon Jovi visited the local radio station WAPP 103.5FM “The Apple” in Lake Success, New York. He spoke directly to the D.J., Chip Hobart, who suggested Bon Jovi let WAPP include the song “Runaway” on a compilation album of local homegrown talent. Bon Jovi was reluctant but eventually gave them the song on which Bon Jovi had used studio musicians to play on the track “Runaway” (originally written in 1980). The studio musicians who helped record “Runaway” were known as The All Star Review. They were: guitarists Dave Sabo and Tim Pierce, keyboardist Roy Bittan, drummer Frankie LaRocka and bassist Hugh McDonald.

The song began to get airplay in the New York area, then other sister stations in major markets picked up the song. In March 1983 Bon Jovi called David Bryan, who in turn called bassist Alec John Such and an experienced drummer named Tico Torres.

Richie Sambora in Dublin May 2006
Tapped to play lead guitar was Bon Jovi’s neighbor, Dave Sabo (a.k.a. The Snake), who later formed the group Skid Row.
Richie Sambora became the band’s lead guitarist.

Before joining the group, Sambora had toured with Joe Cocker, played with a group called Mercy and had been called up to audition for Kiss. He also played on the album Lessons with the band Message, which was re-released on CD through Long Island Records in 1995. Message was originally signed to Led Zeppelin’s Swan Song Records label, although the album was never released.

Drummer Tico Torres was also an experienced musician, having recorded and played live with Phantom’s Opera, The Marvelettes, and Chuck Berry. He appeared on 26 records and had recently recorded with Frankie and the Knockouts, a Jersey band with hit singles during the early 1980s.
David Bryan had quit the band he and Bon Jovi founded in order to study medicine. While in college, he realized he wanted to pursue music full-time and was accepted to Juilliard School, the New York music school. When Bon Jovi called his friend and said he was putting together a band and a record deal looked likely, Bryan followed Bon Jovi’s lead and gave up his studies.
The Bon Jovi lineup, which remained stable for a decade, was:
Jon Bon Jovi (lead vocals, rhythm guitar)
Richie Sambora (lead guitar, backing vocals)
David Bryan (keyboard, backing vocals)
Tico Torres (drums, percussion)
Alec John Such (bass guitar, backing vocals)

1980s
Once the band began playing showcases and opening for local talent, they caught the attention of record executive Derek Shulman, who signed them to Mercury Records, part of the PolyGram company. Because Jon Bon Jovi wanted a group name, Jerry Jaffe, head of A&R at PolyGram, came up with Bon Jovi.

With the help of their new manager Doc McGhee, the band’s debut album, Bon Jovi, was released on January 21, 1984. The album went gold in the U.S. (sales of over 500,000)[citation needed] and was also released in the UK. The group found themselves opening for ZZ Top at Madison Square Garden (before their first album had been released), and for Scorpions and Kiss in Europe. They also made an appearance on the popular television program American Bandstand.

In 1985, Bon Jovi’s second album 7800° Fahrenheit was released. While embarking on a tour opening up for Ratt, the album received a poor response by critics. The leading British metal magazine Kerrang!, which had been very positive about the debut record, called the album “a pale imitation of the Bon Jovi we have got to know and learned to love.” Jon Bon Jovi himself later said it could have and should have been better.

They brought in songwriter Desmond Child for their third album, Slippery When Wet. With Child co-writing many of their hits, the band shot to super-stardom around the world with songs “You Give Love a Bad Name”, “Livin’ On A Prayer”, and “Wanted Dead or Alive”. Bon Jovi has said the album was named after the ubiquitous highway warning signs, but Bryan has said the following about the album’s title:
“During the recording of the record we frequently wound up in a striptease club where incredibly good looking girls were putting water and soap on each other. They became so slippery because of that, that you couldn’t hold on to them even if you wanted to really bad. ‘Slippery when wet!’ one of us yelled out and the rest of us immediately knew: that had to be the title of the new album! Originally we were going to put a picture of some huge breasts, the really big ones, on the cover; but when the PMRC [a moral board chaired by Tipper Gore, wife of future Vice President Al Gore ] found out, we were in big trouble. So we made it into a very decent cover.”

The album has sold in excess of 26 million copies worldwide since its release in late 1986. In 1987, the band headlined England’s “Monsters of Rock” festival with Dio, Metallica, W.A.S.P., Anthrax, and Cinderella. The tour took its toll on singer Jon Bon Jovi when he began having vocal difficulties. The extremely high notes and unrelenting schedule threatened to damage his voice permanently. With the help of a vocal coach, he made it through the tour. Bon Jovi has tended to sing slightly lower pitches since then.

The next album was 1988’s New Jersey. The album was recorded shortly after the tour for Slippery. The resulting album was a commercial success, with hit songs “Bad Medicine”, “Lay Your Hands on Me” and “I’ll Be There for You”, which are still in their live repertoire. New Jersey was a commercial hit and became the first hard rock album to spawn five Top Ten singles. “Bad Medicine” and “I’ll Be There for You” both hit number one, and “Born to Be My Baby” (#3), “Lay Your Hands on Me” (#7), and “Living in Sin” (#9) rounded out the list.

New Jersey was supported by video releases such as New Jersey: The Videos and Access All Areas, as well as a massive 18-month tour, originally billed as The Jersey Syndicate Tour. In 1989, the band headlined the Moscow Music Peace Festival along with the Scorpions, Ozzy Osbourne, Mötley Crüe, and Skid Row.

1990s
Between 1990 and 1992, the band members went their separate ways for a while to refocus before writing and recording their next album. This time off also helped them determine where Bon Jovi would fit within the rapidly changing music scene upon their return. Jon Bon Jovi recorded a solo album, a soundtrack to the movie Young Guns II, more commonly known as Blaze of Glory, (in which he had an extremely brief cameo). Released in 1990, the album featured high profile guests such as Elton John, Little Richard, and Jeff Beck. The album fared well commercially, received positive reviews and quickly achieved platinum status. The title track, “Blaze of Glory”, hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and earned Jon an Academy Award nomination for Best Song. “Blaze of Glory” was awarded a Golden Globe.

Sambora, with the help of Tico Torres and David Bryan, released a solo album entitled Stranger In This Town, in 1991. The album featured Eric Clapton on the song “Mr. Bluesman”. David Bryan recorded a soundtrack for the horror movie The Netherworld, which was the brighter part of that year after he was hospitalized with an illness due to a South American parasite.
In 1992, the band returned with the album Keep the Faith. Produced by Bob Rock, it featured more a mature sound and lyrical content. Singles “Bed of Roses”, “Keep the Faith” and “In These Arms”, all hit the Top 40 in the U.S. Other songs on the album were released as singles internationally, mainly “Dry County”, “I Believe”, and “I’ll Sleep When I’m Dead.”

In 1994, Bon Jovi released a greatest hits album titled Cross Road, with two new tracks: the hit singles “Always” and “Someday I’ll Be Saturday Night”, as well as an updated rendition of “Livin’ on a Prayer” entitled “Prayer ‘94″, available only on the U.S. version. “Always” was originally written for a soundtrack to the film Romeo Is Bleeding, but after seeing (and disliking) the movie, the band decided not to lend the song to the producers and instead released it on “Cross Road”. The video for “Always” featured Carla Gugino, an actress known for her roles in several TV shows’ and films such as Son In Law and actor Jack Noseworthy, best known for his role in the 2000 film U-571. “Always” spent thirty-two weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 and became one of Bon Jovi’s biggest hits. The song peaked at #4 on the US charts and at #1 in countries across Europe, Asia and in Australia. The single sold very well, going platinum in the U.S.
That same year, bassist Alec John Such left the band, the first lineup change since Bon Jovi began. Hugh McDonald, who was the bassist on “Runaway”, unofficially replaced Such as bassist, with rumors that he had also recorded bass on previous albums. Jon Bon Jovi said, regarding the departure of Such: “Of course it hurts. But I learned to accept and respect it. The fact that I’m a workaholic, studio in, studio out, stage on, stage off, want to be dealing with music day and night, doesn’t mean everyone else has to adjust to that pace. Alec wanted to quit for a while now, so it didn’t come as a complete surprise.”

The 1995 album These Days went platinum in the U.S. and topped the UK charts. It spun off one hit single in the U.S., “This Ain’t A Love Song”. Other tracks proved to be popular European singles, including “Hey God”, “Something for the Pain”, “Lie to Me”, and the title track.

At the end of the These Days Tour, the band once again decided to take a break and pursue other interests. Tico used the opportunity further pursue his painting while David started writing and composing various musicals. In 1998, Richie released his second solo outing called Undiscovered Soul.

Jon had also been bitten by the acting bug. He landed lead roles in movies Little City and The Leading Man, and supporting roles in Moonlight and Valentino, Homegrown, and U-571, among others. While he was free between filming different movies, Jon wrote what would become his second solo album, 1997’s Destination Anywhere. The album received positive reviews and was a success across Europe. A short movie of the same name was recorded around the record’s release, based entirely on the songs from the record and starring Jon Bon Jovi, Demi Moore, Kevin Bacon and Whoopi Goldberg. Dave Stewart of Eurythmics played guitar on the record, and produced some of the tracks.

Bon Jovi reunited in 1999 to record the song “Real Life” for the movie EdTV. David Bryan didn’t make it to the filming of the video for the song because of a hand injury sustained in a home improvement mishap, so the band used a cardboard cutout of him for the shoot.

2000s
After a nearly three-year hiatus, during which several band members worked on independent projects, Bon Jovi regrouped in 1999 to begin work on their next studio album. Their 2000 release, Crush, enjoyed success both in the U.S. and overseas, thanks in part to the smash-hit single “It’s My Life”, co-written by Swedish producer Max Martin. Crush, which also produced such hits as “Say It Isn’t So” and “Thank You For Loving Me”, soon became the band’s most successful studio album since Keep the Faith, and helped introduce them to a new, younger fan base.

The Crush Tour, which began that summer, originally encompassed only 60 or so shows and was extended due to demand, with the band remaining on tour through mid-2001. While on tour, Bon Jovi released a collection of live performances from throughout their career in an album entitled, One Wild Night: Live 1985-2001. The Crush tour was notable in that the European 2000 leg included the band headlining two nights at Wembley Stadium. These were the final shows at the venue before it was demolished. Shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks, the band performed as part of the star-studded The Concert for New York City benefit for victims and their families. They performed an acoustic medley of “Livin’ on a Prayer” and “Wanted Dead or Alive” with a stirring finale of “It’s My Life”.

In late 2002, Bounce hit stores. It produced hit singles “Everyday” and the title track. The band went on the U.S. Bounce Tour for this album, during which they made history as the last band to play Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia before it was torn down. The band also released a promotional album through Target, featuring eight demo and live tracks.

Following the end of the Bounce Tour in August 2003, Bon Jovi embarked on a project; originally intending to produce an album consisting of live acoustic performances, the band ended up rewriting, re-recording and reinventing 12 of their biggest hits in a new and much different light. This Left Feels Right was released in November 2003.

The following year the band released a box set entitled 100,000,000 Bon Jovi Fans Can’t Be Wrong, the title being an homage to Elvis Presley’s 50,000,000 Elvis Fans Can’t Be Wrong. The set consisted of four CDs packed with 38 unreleased and 12 rare tracks, as well as a DVD. The box set marked the sales of 100 million Bon Jovi albums and also commemorated the 20th anniversary of the release of the band’s first record in 1984.

In November 2004, Bon Jovi was honored with the Award for Merit at the American Music Awards, where they performed a sneak preview of an unfinished song, “Have a Nice Day”. Bon Jovi also participated in Live 8 on July 2, 2005, where they debuted the full, final version of “Have a Nice Day”, alongside “Livin’ on a Prayer” and “It’s My Life”. On August 20, 2005, the band headlined Miller Brewing Co.’s Big Brew-Ha, celebrating its 150th anniversary. The free stadium concert at Miller Park in Milwaukee included one preview song from the band’s forthcoming album.

Bon Jovi’s ninth studio album, Have a Nice Day, was released in September 2005. The album topped the charts around the world, giving Bon Jovi its career-best first week sales of over 202,000 albums. “Have A Nice Day” was the first single off the new album, and debuted at radio worldwide on July 18, 2005. The second single, “Who Says You Can’t Go Home”, was released in the U.S. in early 2006, although internationally it was the third single release after “Welcome to Wherever You Are”. In the U.S. a duet version of “Who Says You Can’t Go Home” with country singer Jennifer Nettles of the band Sugarland was released, and in May 2006, Bon Jovi became the first Rock & Roll Band to have a #1 hit on Billboard’s Hot Country Chart[citation needed]. On February 11, 2007, Bon Jovi also won the Grammy Award, for “Best Country Collaboration with Vocals” for “Who Says You Can’t Go Home”.

Bon Jovi live in Dublin, May 20, 2006
Soon after the release of Have A Nice Day, the band started gearing up for the new 2005-2006 worldwide Have A Nice Day Tour. This tour, being shorter than previous ones with only seventy-five shows originally planned, took the band to numerous stages and arenas throughout the world. During the tour, Bon Jovi performed as the headlining act at Nascar’s Daytona 500 on February 19, 2006. Originally it was planned for them to be the first act to perform at the new Wembley Stadium in London, but the stadium’s rebuilding project was delayed until 2007. The concerts were therefore moved to the Milton Keynes National Bowl and Hull, KC Stadium with the same performance dates. Following dates in Japan and Europe, Bon Jovi extended the tour and returned to the U.S. in 2006 for a few stadium shows, including 3 sold-out shows in the band’s native New Jersey at Giants Stadium. On February 7, 2006, a promotional album, Live from the Have a Nice Day Tour, was released through Wal-Mart, which contained six live tracks recorded in December 2005 in Boston. Three of these tracks were released in the U.K. in June 2006 as B-sides on the single “Who Says You Can’t Go Home”.

On November 14, 2006, Bon Jovi were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame alongside James Brown and Led Zeppelin, joining music legends such as The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, U2, Madonna and Elvis Presley. They will not be eligible for the U.S. equivalent until 2009.

With the end of the Have A Nice Day Tour, Bon Jovi began to throw around ideas for their next project. Among the potential offerings were going to Nashville to record with country stars (following the success of “Who Says You Can’t Go Home”), a second greatest hits CD, a new studio album, and even new movies.

In June 2007, Bon Jovi released their tenth studio album, Lost Highway. The album debuted at number #1 on the Billboard charts, the first time that Bon Jovi have had a number one album on the U.S. charts since the release of New Jersey in 1988. The album sold 292,000 copies in its first week on sale in the U.S., and became Bon Jovi’s third US number one album. The first single from the new album was “(You Want to) Make a Memory”, which debuted (and peaked) at #27 in the Billboard Hot 100, Bon Jovi’s highest ever debut in the U.S. charts. The album reached Number #1 in Japan, Canada, Australia and Europe, and reached number #2 in the UK.

To promote the new album, Bon Jovi made several television appearances, including the 6th annual CMT Awards in Nashville, American Idol, and MTV Unplugged, as well as playing at the Live Earth concert at Giants Stadium[1]. They also performed ten promotional gigs in the U.S., Canada, the UK and Japan. As part of the ‘tour’, Bon Jovi were the first group to perform at London’s new O2 Arena (formerly the Millennium Dome) when it opened to the public on June 24, 2007. The 23,000-seater stadium sold out within one minute of tickets being released.

On June 6, 2007, Richie Sambora checked himself into a rehabilitation facility. This meant that he missed a concert in Puerto Rico as well as several television appearances, with backup guitarist Bobby Bandiera taking his place. He checked out on June 13, and was present for Bon Jovi’s remaining summer concerts.

When questioned on American Idol, Jon Bon Jovi stated that the band would embark on a tour beginning in January, after playing ten dates in New Jersey in the fall. According to Richie Sambora this tour would be a greatest hits tour, so it would not be in direct support of Lost Highway. However, in October 2007 the band announced the Lost Highway Tour. Starting with the New Jersey gigs, the band are touring Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the U.S. and then Europe, finishing in the summer. In early December 2007 the band took time off from their Canadian tour to become the first ever American band to headline the Royal Variety Performance in Liverpool, England, performing in front of the Queen herself.[8] The U.S. leg of the tour will begin February 18, 2008 in Omaha, Nebraska.

Criticism
Recently the band came under fire due to the excessive ticket prices charged for the aforementioned ten New Jersey shows, tickets for which were priced as high as $337 according to one report[9] and $1000 according to another [10]

Band members
Current members
Jon Bon Jovi - vocals, guitar, piano, harmonica (1983-present)
Richie Sambora - guitar, talk box, vocals (1983-present)
David Bryan - keyboards, vocals (1983-present)
Tico Torres - drums, percussion (1983-present)
with
Hugh McDonald - bass guitar, vocals (1994-present)
Bobby Bandiera - guitar (2003-present) (occasional touring member)
Lorenza Ponce - violin, fiddle (2006-present) (touring member)
Kurt Johnston - lap steel guitar (2006-present) (touring member)
Former members
Alec John Such - bass guitar, vocals (1983-1994)

Tours
Slippery When Wet Tour
New Jersey Syndicate Tour
Stranger in this Town Tour (Richie Sambora Solo Tour featuring Tico Torres and David Bryan)
Keep the Faith Tour
Crossroads Tour
These Days Tour
Destination Anywhere (Jon Bon Jovi Solo Tour)
Undiscovered Soul (Richie Sambora Solo Tour)
Crush Tour
One Wild Night Tour
Bounce Tour
Have a Nice Day Tour
Lost Highway Tour

Awards
1987: MTV Video Music Awards: Best Stage Performance.
1988: American Music Award: Favorite Pop/Rock Band, Duo or Group
1991: MTV Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award
1995: World Music Awards: Best Selling Rock Band Of The Year.
1995: MTV Europe Music Awards: Best Rock
1996: BRIT Awards: Best International Band
2001: My VH1 Music Awards: Video Of The Year “It’s My Life”
2002: My VH1 Music Awards: Hottest Live Show
2004: American Music Award: Award Of Merit
2005: Chopard Diamond Award at the World Music Awards for selling 100 million albums.
2006: UK Music Hall of Fame
2006: CMT Music Awards: Best Collaborative Video “Who Says You Can’t Go Home”
2007: People’s Choice Awards: Best Rock Song for “Who Says You Can’t Go Home”
2007: Grammy Awards: Best Country Collaboration for “Who Says You Can’t Go Home”

Trivia
On the January 28, 2008, after four concerts around Australia, eight of Bon Jovi’s albums re-entered the official ARIA Charts’ Top 100 Albums Chart for the week starting the 28th. Albums which charted in the top 50 were Lost Highway at #2 (previous highest charting position was #5), Slippery When Wet at #28 (re-entered the charts 22 years after its original charting), Keep the Faith at #39 (16 years after its original charting) and New Jersey #41 (20 years after its original charting). The other four albums which charted were Cross Road at #57, These Days at #58, Bon Jovi at #59 and 7800° Fahrenheit at #66 (which never charted in Australia on its original release).

Judas Priest are an English heavy metal band formed in 1969 in Birmingham. Originally formed by guitarist K. K. Downing and bassist Ian Hill, Judas Priest’s core line-up consists of Downing, Hill, vocalist Rob Halford and guitarist Glenn Tipton. They have been cited as an influence on many heavy metal musicians and bands. Their popularity and status as one of the definitive heavy metal bands has earned them the nickname “Metal Gods,” from their song of the same name.[1] They have sold over 35 million albums worldwide.
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Scorpions are a heavy metal band from Hanover, Germany, perhaps best known for their 1980s rock anthem “Rock You Like a Hurricane” and their singles “Wind of Change”, “No One Like You”, “Still Loving You”. The band has sold over 75 million albums worldwide.[1]

History
Formation and early history (1965-1973)
Rudolf Schenker, the band’s rhythm guitarist, launched the band in 1965. At first, the band had beat influences and Schenker himself did the vocals. Things began to come together in 1969 when Schenker’s younger brother Michael and vocalist Klaus Meine joined the band. In 1972, the group recorded and released their debut album Lonesome Crow, with Lothar Heimberg on bass and Wolfgang Dziony on drums. During the Lonesome Crow tour, Scorpions opened for upcoming British band UFO. At the end of the tour, the members of UFO offered guitarist Michael Schenker the lead guitar job; an offer which he soon accepted. Uli Roth, a friend of the Schenker brothers, was then called in temporarily to finish off the tour.

The departure of Michael Schenker led to the break up of the Scorpions. In 1973, Uli Roth, who had helped the Scorpions complete the Lonesome Crow tour, was offered the role as lead guitarist, but turned the band down, preferring instead to remain in the band Dawn Road.

Rudolf eventually decided that he wanted to work with Roth, but did not want to resurrect the last Scorpions lineup. He attended some of Dawn Road’s rehearsals and ultimately decided to join the band, which consisted of Roth, Francis Buchholz (bass), Achim Kirschning (keyboards) and Jurgen Rosenthal (drums). Roth and Buchholz persuaded Rudolf Schenker to invite Klaus Meine to join, which he soon did. While there were more members of Dawn Road than Scorpions in the band, they decided to use the Scorpions name because it was well-known in the German hard rock scene and an album had been released under that name.

Rise to popularity (1974-1978)
In 1974 the new line-up of Scorpions released Fly to the Rainbow. The album proved to be more successful than Lonesome Crow and songs such as “Speedy’s Coming” and the title track began to establish the band’s sound. Achim Kirschning decided to leave after the recordings. Soon after, Jürgen Rosenthal had to leave as he was being drafted into the army, joined German progressive rock band called Eloy in 1976 and recorded three albums with them. He was replaced by a Belgian drummer, Rudy Lenners.

In 1975 the band hit their stride with the release of In Trance, which marked the beginning of Scorpions’ long collaboration with German producer Dieter Dierks. The album was a huge step forward for Scorpions and firmly established their hard rock formula, while at the same time garnering a substantial fan base, both at home and abroad. Cuts such as “Dark Lady”, “Robot Man” and the title track are still considered classics by fans today.

In 1976, Scorpions released Virgin Killer. The album’s cover was designed by their record company RCA, Hamburg office, and featured a nude prepubescent girl covered by broken glass. That brought the band considerable criticism and was ultimately pulled or replaced in several countries. In spite of the controversy - even lead singer Klaus Meine expressed shock - the album garnered significant praise from critics and fans alike. The following year, Rudy Lenners resigned due to health reasons and was replaced by Herman Rarebell.

For the follow-up Taken by Force, RCA Records, the band’s label, made a determined effort to promote the album in stores and on the radio. The album’s single, “Steamrock Fever”, was added to some of RCA’s radio promotional records. RCA also supervised the album cover design avoiding any controversy by including introduction-type photographs that included the names of each member under individual photos. Roth was not happy with the commercial direction the band was taking. Although he performed on the band’s Japan tour, he departed to form his own band, Electric Sun prior to the release of the resultant double live album Tokyo Tapes. Tokyo Tapes was released in the US and Europe six months after its Japanese release. By that time in mid 1978, after auditioning around 140 guitarists, Scorpions recruited new guitarist Matthias Jabs.

Commercial success (1979-1990)
Following the addition of Jabs, Scorpions left RCA for Mercury Records to record their next album. Just weeks after being evicted from UFO for his alcohol abuse, Michael Schenker also returned to the group for a short period during the recordings of the album, giving the band three guitarists (though Schenker’s contributions to the final release was limited to only three songs). The result was Lovedrive, an album which some critics consider to be the pinnacle of their career[2]. Containing such fan favorites as “Loving You Sunday Morning”, “Holiday” and the instrumental “Coast to Coast”, the “Scorpions formula” of hard rock songs mixed in with melodic ballads was firmly cemented. The album’s provocative artwork was named “Best album sleeve of 1979″ by Playboy magazine but was ultimately changed for American release. Lovedrive peaked at #55 on the US charts proving that Scorpions were gathering an international following. After the completion and release of the album, the band decided to retain Michael in the band, thus forcing Matthias Jabs to leave. But after a few weeks of the tour, Michael, still coping with alcoholism, kept missing a few gigs (at one point collapsing on stage) and Matthias Jabs was brought back to fill in for him on those occasions when he couldn’t perform. In April 1979, during their tour in France, Matthias Jabs was brought in permanently to replace Michael Schenker.

In 1980, the band released Animal Magnetism, again with a provocative cover showing a girl kneeling in front of a man. While Animal Magnetism contained classics such as “The Zoo” and “Make It Real”, it was a critical disappointment when compared with Lovedrive. Soon after the album’s release, Meine began experiencing throat problems. He required surgery on his vocal cords and there were doubts as to whether he would ever sing again.

While Meine made a full recovery, the band began working on their next album, Blackout in 1982. Don Dokken was brought in to provide guide and backing vocals so that Meine could let his vocal cords completely heal. [2] Meine eventually healed completely and was able to finish the album. Blackout was released in 1982 and quickly became the band’s best selling to date, eventually going platinum. Meine’s voice showed no signs of weakness and critical response to the album was good. Blackout spawned three hit singles: “Dynamite,” “Blackout” and “No One Like You”.

It was not until 1984 and the release of Love at First Sting that the band finally cemented their status as rock superstars. Propelled by the single “Rock You Like a Hurricane”, Love at First Sting went up the charts and went double platinum in the USA a few months after its release. However, Scorpions did manage to stir up controversy once again with their provocative album cover. This time it was a boy kissing a girl and at the same time planting a tattoo on her naked thigh. Some shops refused to sell the album, mimicking a gag from the satire movie This Is Spinal Tap that came out the same year. MTV gave the album’s videos “Rock You Like a Hurricane”, “Bad Boys Running Wild”, “Big City Nights”, and the power ballad “Still Loving You” significant airtime, greatly contributing to the album’s success. The channel even supplied Scorpions with the nickname “The Ambassadors of Rock”.

The band toured extensively behind Love at First Sting and decided to record and release their second live album, World Wide Live in 1985. Recorded over a year-long world tour and released at the height of their popularity, the album was another success for the band, peaking at #17 on the charts.

After their extensive world tours, the band finally returned to the studio to record Savage Amusement. Released in 1988, four years after their previous studio album, Savage Amusement represented a more polished pop sound similar to the style Def Leppard had found success with. The album sold well, but was considered somewhat of a critical disappointment. British heavy rock magazine Kerrang! did award the album 5 K’s out of 5 though.

The Scorpions’ logo
On the Savage Amusement tour in 1988, Scorpions became only the second Western group to play in the Soviet Union (the first being Uriah Heep in December 1987), with a performance in Leningrad. The following year the band returned to perform at the Moscow Music Peace Festival. As a result, Scorpions developed a strong Russian fan base and still return regularly to perform throughout the area.

Wishing to distance themselves from the Savage Amusement style, the band separated from their long-time producer and “Sixth Scorpion,” Dieter Dierks, replacing him with Keith Olsen when they returned to the studio in 1990. Crazy World was released that same year and displayed a less polished sound. The album was a hit, propelled in large part by the massive success of the ballad “Wind of Change”. The song muses on the socio-political changes that were occurring in Eastern Europe and in other parts of the world at the end of the Cold War. On July 21, 1990 they joined many other guests for Roger Waters’ massive performance of The Wall in Berlin. Scorpions performed both versions of “In the Flesh” from The Wall. After the Crazy World tour Francis Buchholz, the band’s long-serving bassist, left the group.

Later days (1993-present)
In 1993 Scorpions released Face the Heat. Bass playing was handled by Ralph Rieckermann. For the recording process, Scorpions brought in producer Bruce Fairbairn. The album’s sound was more metallic than melodic and divided the band’s fan base somewhat. Many “headbangers” responded positively to the album while many long time fans were put off. Neither the hard-rock single “Alien Nation” nor the ballad “Under The Same Sun” came close to matching the success of “Wind of Change”. Face the Heat was a moderate success.

In 1995, a new live album, Live Bites, was produced. The disc documented live performances from their Savage Amusement Tour in 1988, all the way through the Face the Heat Tour in 1994. While the album had a much cleaner sound in comparison to their best-selling live album, World Wide Live, it was not as successful.

Prior to recording their 13th studio album, 1996’s Pure Instinct, drummer Herman Rarebell left the band to set up a recording label. Curt Cress took charge of the drumsticks for the album before Kentucky-born James Kottak took over permanently. Many feel Pure Instinct is a response to the complaints levied against Face the Heat. The album had many ballads. Still, the album’s singles “Wild Child” and the soothing ballad “You and I” both enjoyed moderate success.

1999 saw the release of Eye II Eye and a significant change in the band’s style, mixing in elements of pop and techno. While the album was slickly produced, fans were unsure what to make of the band, responding negatively to almost everything from pop-soul backup singers to the electronic drums present on several songs. The video to the album’s first European single, “To Be No. 1″, featured a Monica Lewinsky look-alike which did little to improve its popularity.

The following year, Scorpions had a fairly successful collaboration with the Berlin Philharmonic that resulted in a 10-song album named Moment of Glory. The album went a long way towards rebuilding the band’s reputation after the harsh criticism of Eye II Eye. Still, critics accused them of following on the coattails of Metallica’s similar collaboration (S&M) with the San Francisco Symphony which had been released the previous year. However, the orchestra had first approached Scorpions with the idea back in 1995.

Scorpions in 2007
In 2001, Scorpions released Acoustica, a live unplugged album featuring acoustic reworkings of the band’s biggest hits, plus new tracks. While appreciated by fans, the lack of a new studio album was frustrating to some, and Acoustica did little to return the band to the spotlight.

In 2004, the band released Unbreakable, an album that was hailed by critics as a long awaited return to form. The album was the heaviest the band had released since Face the Heat, and fans responded well to tracks such as “New Generation”, “Love ‘em or Leave ‘em” and “Deep and Dark”. Whether a result of poor promotion by the band’s label or the long time between studio releases, Unbreakable received little airplay and did not chart. Scorpions toured extensively behind the album, and played as special guests with Judas Priest during the 2005 British tour.

In early 2006, Scorpions released the DVD 1 Night in Vienna that included 14 live tracks and a complete rockumentary. In LA, the band spent about 4 months in the studio with producers James Michael and Desmond Child working on their new concept album titled Humanity - Hour I, which was released in the second half of May 2007 [4]. A “Humanity World Tour” has already started. Tour dates are available on the band’s official site the-scorpions.com.

In 2007, the band saw 2 of their signature tracks featured in the popular video game series, “Guitar Hero.” “No One Like You” was featured on the “Rocks the 80’s” version of the game while “Rock You Like A Hurricane” was released on “Guitar Hero 3:Legends of Rock.”

On May 14 2007, Scorpions released Humanity - Hour I in Europe. Humanity - Hour I became available in the U.S. on August 28, 2007 on New Door Records, entering the Billboard charts at number #63.
In a September 2007 podcast interview, Meine said the new album wasn’t so much a “concept album” as it was a collection of songs with a common theme. “We didn’t want to make another record with songs about boys chasing girls. I mean, come on, give me a break,” Meine said.

When asked if the band plans to release a Humanity - Hour II, Meine replied:
“ That is what everybody is asking. There might be. Who knows? Right now we are at the beginning of the world tour. It is exciting to play the new songs and they go very well with the classics. It is exciting that there is a whole new audience out there. There are many longtime fans but there are a lot of young kids. We just played in London and in Paris and there were young kids rocking out to songs that were written way before they were born. It is amazing. I don’t want to think about Hour II right now because Hour I is so exciting. It is very inspiring to see how much the audience enjoys this new music.

Band members
Current members of the Scorpions
Klaus Meine - lead vocals, backing vocals, rhythm guitar, percussion (1970-1981, 1981-present)
Matthias Jabs - lead & rhythm guitars, 6 & 12 string acoustic guitars, slide guitar, fatbody jazz guitar, talk box, voice box (1978-1979, 1979-present)
Rudolf Schenker - rhythm & lead guitars, 6 & 12 string acoustic guitars, sitar, ebo, backing vocals (1965-present) rhythm & lead guitars, lead vocals (1965-1970, 1970-present)
Pawe? M?ciwoda - bass (2003-present)
James Kottak - drums, percussion, backing vocals (1996-present)
[edit]Former members
Francis Buchholz - bass (1973-1983, 1984-1992, 1994)
Herman Rarebell - drums, percussion (1977-1983, 1984-1995)
Ralph Rieckermann - bass (1993-2000, 2000-2003)
Lothar Heimberg - bass (1965-1973)
Wolfgang Dziony - drums, percussion (1965-1973)
Joe Wyman - drums, percussion (1973)
Ulrich Roth - lead & rhythm guitars, backing vocals, lead vocals on “Polar Nights”, “Fly to the Rainbow”, “Dark Lady” (1973-1978)
Michael Schenker - lead & rhythm guitars (1970-1973,1979)
Rudy Lenners - drums, percussion (1975-1977)
Jürgen Rosenthal - drums, percussion (1973-1975)
Ken Taylor - bass (2000)
Curt Cress - drums, percussion (1996)
Jimmy Bain - bass (1983-1984)
Neil Murray - bass (1983-1984)
Bobby Rondinelli - drums, percussion (1983-1984)
Barry Sparks - bass (2003)
Ingo Powitzer - bass (2003)
Don Dokken - lead vocals, backing vocals (1981)

Discography
Albums
Lonesome Crow (1972)
Fly to the Rainbow (1974)
In Trance (1975)
Virgin Killer (1976)
Taken by Force (1977)
Tokyo Tapes (1978, live)
Lovedrive (1979)
Animal Magnetism (1980)
Blackout (1982)
Love at First Sting (1984)
World Wide Live (1985, live)
Savage Amusement (1988)
Crazy World (1990)
Face the Heat (1993)
Live Bites (1995, live)
Pure Instinct (1996)
Eye II Eye (1999)
Moment of Glory (with the Berlin Philarmoniker, 2000)
Acoustica (acoustic, 2001)
Unbreakable (2004)
Humanity: Hour I (2007)

Metallica is an American heavy metal band that formed in 1981 in Los Angeles, California. Founded when drummer Lars Ulrich posted an advertisement in a Los Angeles newspaper, Metallica’s original line-up consisted of Ulrich, rhythm guitarist and vocalist James Hetfield, lead guitarist Dave Mustaine, and bassist Ron McGovney. McGovney and Mustaine were later kicked out of the band, and guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Cliff Burton replaced them. The ejection of Mustaine has subsequently resulted in a feud between him and Metallica. In 1986, Metallica’s tour bus skidded out of control, and Burton was crushed under the bus and was killed. Jason Newsted replaced him, although he left the band in 2001 and was replaced by Robert Trujillo in 2003.
Metallica’s early releases included fast tempos, instrumentals, and aggressive musicianship that placed them as one of the “big four” of the thrash metal genre. The band earned a growing fan base in the underground music community, and some critics say the 1986 release Master of Puppets is one of the most influential and “heavy” thrash metal albums. The band rose to fame with its 1991 self-titled album Metallica, which peaked at number one on the Billboard 200. Some critics and fans believed the band changed its musical direction to appeal to the mainstream audience.
With the release of Load in 1996, Metallica distanced itself from earlier releases in what has been described as “an almost alternative [rock] approach”, and the band faced accusations of “selling out”. Metallica filed a lawsuit in 2000 against Napster for sharing the band’s copyrighted material for free without the members’ consent. A settlement was reached, and Napster became a pay-to-use service. Despite reaching number one on the Billboard 200, the release of St. Anger in 2003 disappointed some critics and fans with the exclusion of guitar solos, and the “steel-sounding” snare drum. A film titled Some Kind of Monster documented the recording process of St. Anger.
Metallica has released eight studio albums, two live albums, two EPs, nine videos, and is working on a ninth studio album. The band has become one of the most commercially successful and influential musical acts. With over 90 million records sold worldwide, including 57 million in the United States, the band has won seven Grammy Awards, and has had four albums peak at number one on the Billboard 200. The band’s 1991 album Metallica, has sold over 15 million copies, which makes it the 25th highest selling album in the United States.

History
Early days (1981–1983)
Metallica was formed in Los Angeles, California, in early 1981 when drummer Lars Ulrich placed an advertisement in a Los Angeles newspaper—The Recycler—which read “Drummer looking for other metal musicians to jam with, Tygers of Pan Tang, Diamond Head and Iron Maiden.”[1] Guitarist James Hetfield and Hugh Tanner of Leather Charm answered the advertisement. Although he had not formed a band, Ulrich asked Metal Blade Records founder Brian Slagel if he could record a song for the label’s upcoming compilation Metal Massacre. Slagel accepted, and Ulrich recruited Hetfield to sing and play rhythm guitar.

Ulrich talked to his friend Ron Quintana, who was brainstorming names for a fanzine. Quintana had proposed the names Metal Mania and Metallica. Convincing him to use Metal Mania, Ulrich used Metallica for the name of his band. A second advertisement was placed in The Recycler for a position as lead guitarist. Dave Mustaine answered and after seeing his expensive guitar equipment, Ulrich and Hetfield recruited him. In early 1982, Metallica recorded its first original song “Hit the Lights” for the Metal Massacre I compilation. Hetfield played bass on the song and Lloyd Grant was credited with a guitar solo.[1] Released on June 14, 1982, early pressings of Metal Massacre I listed the band incorrectly as “Mettallica”. Although angered by the error, Metallica managed to create enough “buzz” with the song and the band played its first live show on March 14, 1982, at Radio City in Anaheim, California with newly recruited bassist Ron McGovney.

An early Metallica business card (circa 1982). The name of the band’s Power Metal demo originated from this card.
Metallica recorded its first demo titled Power Metal, a name inspired by Quintana’s early business cards in early 1982. In the Fall of 1982, Ulrich and Hetfield attended a show at the nightclub Whisky a Go Go, which featured bassist Cliff Burton in a band called Trauma. The two were “blown away” by Burton’s use of a wah-wah pedal and asked him to join Metallica. Hetfield and Mustaine wanted McGovney out as they thought that he “didn’t contribute anything, he just followed.”[3] Although Burton initially declined the offer, by the end of the year he accepted on the condition the band move to San Francisco. Metallica’s first live performance with Burton was at the nightclub The Stone in March 1983, and the first recording to feature Burton was the 1983 Megaforce demo.

Metallica was ready to record its debut album, but when Metal Blade was unable to cover the additional cost, the band began looking for other options. Concert promoter Johnny “Z” Zazula, who had heard the 1982 No Life ‘Till Leather demo, offered to broker a record deal with Metallica and New York City-based record labels. After receiving no interest from various record labels, Zazula borrowed the money to cover the record’s recording budget and signed Metallica to his own label, Megaforce Records.[4] Band members decided to kick Mustaine out of the band due to drug and alcohol abuse, and violent behavior.[5] Exodus guitarist Kirk Hammett flew in to replace Mustaine the same afternoon. Metallica’s first show with Hammett was on April 16, 1983, at the nightclub The Showplace in Dover, New Jersey.

Mustaine has shown a disliking to Hammett, which he has expressed in interviews. He said Hammett “stole my job, but at least I got to bang his girlfriend before he took my job — how do I taste, Kirk.”[6] Mustaine is “pissed off” because he believes Hammett became popular by playing the guitar leads that Mustaine wrote.[7] In a 1985 interview with Metal Forces, Mustaine slammed Hammett saying, “it’s real funny how Kirk Hammett ripped off every lead break I’d played on that No Life ‘Til Leather tape and got voted No. 1 guitarist in your magazine.”[8] On Megadeth’s 1985 debut album Killing Is My Business… And Business Is Good!, Mustaine included the song “Mechanix”, which Metallica renamed as “The Four Horsemen” on Kill ‘Em All. Mustaine said he did this to “straighten Metallica up”, as Metallica referred to Mustaine as a drunk and said he could not play guitar.

Kill ‘Em All and Ride the Lightning (1983–1984)
In 1983, Metallica traveled to Rochester, New York to record its first album, Metal Up Your Ass, with production duties handled by Paul Curcio. Due to conflicts with the band’s record label and distributors’ refusal to release an album with that name, it was renamed Kill ‘Em All. Released on Megaforce Records in the U.S. and Music for Nations in Europe, the album peaked on the Billboard 200 at number 120,[9] and although the album was not an initial financial success, it earned Metallica a growing fan base in the underground metal scene. The band embarked on the Kill ‘Em All For One tour with Raven to support the release.[10] In February 1984, Metallica supported Venom on the Seven Dates of Hell tour, where they performed in front of 7,000 people at the Aardschok Festival in Zwolle, Holland.

Metallica recorded its second studio album, Ride the Lightning, at Sweet Silence Studios in Copenhagen, Denmark. Released in August 1984, the album peaked at number 100 on the Billboard 200.[9] A European printing press mistakenly printed green covers for the album, which are now considered collectors’ items. Other songs on the album include “For Whom the Bell Tolls”, “Creeping Death”, and the instrumental “The Call of Ktulu”. Mustaine was credited for “Ride the Lightning” and “The Call of Ktulu”.

Master of Puppets (1984–1986)
Elektra Records A&R director Michael Alago, and co-founder of Q-Prime Management Cliff Burnstein, attended a September 1984 Metallica concert. Impressed with what they saw, they signed Metallica to Elektra Records and made the band a client of Q-Prime Management.[12] Metallica’s burgeoning success was such that the band’s British label Music for Nations issued a limited edition Creeping Death EP, which sold 40,000 copies as an import in the U.S. Two of the three songs on the record (cover versions of Diamond Head’s “Am I Evil?”, and Blitzkrieg’s “Blitzkrieg”) appeared on the 1989 Elektra reissue of Kill ‘Em All.[13] Metallica embarked on its first major European tour with Tank to an average crowd of 1,300. Returning to the U.S. marked a tour co-headlining with W.A.S.P. and Armored Saint supporting. Metallica played its largest show at the Monsters of Rock festival on August 17, 1985, with Bon Jovi and Ratt at Donington Park in England, playing in front of 70,000 people. A show in Oakland, California, at the Day on the Green festival saw the band play in front of a crowd of 60,000.

Metallica’s third studio album, Master of Puppets was recorded at Sweet Silence Studios and was released in March 1986. The album peaked at number 29 on the Billboard 200, and spent 72 weeks on the chart.[14] The album was the band’s first to be certified gold on November 4, 1986, and was certified six times platinum in 2003.[15] Some critics, including Steve Huey of All Music Guide, consider the album to be the “greatest heavy metal album of all time”, and earned Metallica the title of the “pioneers of thrash metal”.[16] Following the release of the album, Metallica supported Ozzy Osbourne for a U.S. tour.[12] Hetfield broke his wrist skateboarding down a hill and continued the tour performing vocals, with guitar technician John Marshall playing rhythm guitar.

Death of Cliff Burton (1986–1987)
On September 27, 1986, during the European leg of Metallica’s Damage Inc. tour, members drew cards to see which bunk of the tour bus they would sleep in. Burton won and chose to sleep in Hammett’s bunk. Around dawn near Dörarp, Sweden, the bus driver lost control and skidded, which caused the bus to flip several times. Ulrich, Hammett, and Hetfield sustained no serious injuries; however, bassist Burton was pinned under the bus and was killed. Hetfield recalls, “I saw the bus lying right on him. I saw his legs sticking out. I freaked. The bus driver, I recall, was trying to yank the blanket out from under him to use for other people. I just went, ‘Don’t fucking do that!’ I already wanted to kill the guy.”[17] Burton’s death left Metallica’s future in doubt. The three remaining members decided that Burton would want them to carry on, and with the Burton family’s blessings, the band sought a replacement.

Roughly 40 people tried out for auditions including Hammett’s childhood friend Les Claypool of Primus, Troy Gregory of Prong, and Jason Newsted, formerly of Flotsam and Jetsam. Newsted learned Metallica’s entire setlist, and after the audition Metallica invited him to Tommy’s Joint in San Francisco. Hetfield, Ulrich, and Hammett decided that Newsted was the one to replace Burton, and Newsted’s first live performance with Metallica was at the Country Club in Reseda, California. The members took it on themselves to “initiate” Newsted by tricking him into eating a ball of wasabi.

In March 1987, Hetfield broke his wrist a second time skateboarding. Guitar technician Miller returned playing rhythm guitar, but the injury forced the band to cancel a Saturday Night Live appearance. Metallica finished its tour in the early months of 1987, and in August 1987 an all-covers EP titled The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited was released. The EP was recorded in an effort to utilize the band’s newly constructed recording studio, test out the talents of Newsted, and to relieve grief and stress following the death of Burton. A video titled Cliff ‘Em All was released in 1987 commemorating Burton’s three years in Metallica. Footage included bass solos, home videos, and pictures.
…And Justice for All (1988–1990)
…And Justice for All, the group’s first studio album since Burton’s death, was released in 1988. The album was a commercial success, peaking at number six on the Billboard 200, the band’s first album to enter the top 10. The album was certified platinum nine weeks after its release. Newsted’s bass was purposely turned down on the album as a part of the continuous “hazing” he received, and his musical ideas were ignored.[21] There were complaints with the production; namely, Steve Huey of All Music Guide noted Ulrich’s drums were clicking more than thudding, and the guitars “buzz thinly”. The Damaged Justice tour followed to promote the album.

In 1989, Metallica received its first Grammy Award nomination for …And Justice for All, in the new Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance Vocal or Instrument category. Metallica was the favorite to win; however, the award was given to Jethro Tull for the album Crest of a Knave. The result generated controversy among fans and the press, as Metallica was standing off-stage waiting to receive the award after performing the song “One”. Jethro Tull had been advised by their manager not to attend the ceremony as he was expecting Metallica to win. The award was named in Entertainment Weekly’s “Grammy’s 10 Biggest Upsets”. Three years later, Ulrich referred to the award when accepting a Grammy for “Enter Sandman” stating “We gotta thank Jethro Tull for not putting out an album this year.”

Following the release of …And Justice for All, Metallica released its debut music video for the song “One”. The band performed the song in an abandoned warehouse, and footage was remixed with the film, Johnny Got His Gun. Rather than organize an ongoing licensing deal, Metallica purchased the rights to the film. The remixed video was submitted to MTV, with the alternate performance-only version held back in the event that MTV banned the remix version. MTV accepted the remix version, and the video was viewers’ first exposure to Metallica. It was voted number 38 in 1999 when MTV aired its “Top 100 Videos of All Time” countdown, and was featured in the network’s 25th Anniversary edition of ADD Video, which showcased the most popular videos on MTV in the last 25 years.

Metallica (1990–1993)
In October 1990, Metallica entered One on One studio in North Hollywood to record its next album. Bob Rock, who had worked with the bands The Cult, Bon Jovi, and Mötley Crüe, was hired as producer. Metallica (also known as “The Black Album”) was remixed three times, cost $1 million, and ended three marriages. Although the release was stalled until 1991, Metallica peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 with shipments exceeding 650,000 units in its first week. The album was responsible for bringing Metallica to the attention of the mainstream and has been certified 15 times platinum in the U.S., which makes it the 25th highest-selling album in the country. The making of Metallica and the following tour was documented in A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica. Dubbed the Wherever We May Roam Tour, it lasted 14 months and included dates in the U.S., Japan, and England.

On August 8, 1992, during the financially successful co-headlining GNR-Metallica Stadium Tour with Guns N’ Roses, Hetfield suffered severe second and third degree burns to his arms, face, hands, and legs. There was confusion with the new pyrotechnics setup, which resulted with Hetfield walking into a 12-foot flame during “Fade to Black”. Newsted recalls Hetfield’s skin was “bubbling like on The Toxic Avenger”.[32] Guitar technician John Marshall replaced Hetfield for the remainder of the tour as Hetfield was unable to play guitar, although was able to sing. The band’s first box set was released in November 1993 called Live Shit: Binge & Purge. The collection contained three live CDs, three home videos, and a book filled with riders and letters.

Load, ReLoad, and Garage Inc. (1994–1999)

The cover of Load was created using a mixture of semen and bovine blood mixed between sheets of plexiglass. It marked a change in image and music for the band.

After almost three years of touring to support Metallica, including a headlining performance at Woodstock ‘94, Metallica returned to the studio to write and record its sixth studio album. The band took a break in the summer of 1995 and played three outdoor shows which included headlining Donington Park in the U.K., supported by Slayer, Skid Row, Slash’s Snakepit, Therapy?, and Corrosion of Conformity. The short tour was titled Escape From The Studio ‘95. The band spent roughly one year writing and recording new songs, resulting in the release of Load in 1996, which entered the Billboard 200 and ARIA Charts at number one, marking the band’s second number one. The cover of Load was created by Andres Serrano, and was called Blood and Semen III. Serrano pressed a mixture of his own semen and bovine blood between sheets of plexiglass, but not all fans were happy with the cover. The release marked a change in musical direction for the band as some critics and fans accused Metallica of “going alternative”, and “selling out”. The band members received haircuts, and headlined the alternative rock festival Lollapalooza, which lead to further accusations.

During early production of the album, the band had produced enough material for a double album. It was decided that half of the songs were to be released, and the band would continue to work on the remaining songs and release them the following year. This resulted in the follow-up album, ReLoad. The cover was created by Serrano, this time using a mixture of blood and urine.[33] ReLoad peaked at number one on the Billboard 200, and number two on the Top Canadian Album chart. Hetfield noted in the 2004 documentary film Some Kind of Monster that the songs on these albums were initially thought by the band to be of average quality, and were “polished and reworked” until judged to be releasable.[21] To promote ReLoad, Metallica performed on NBC’s Saturday Night Live in December 1997, performing “Fuel” and “The Memory Remains” with Marianne Faithfull.

In 1998, Metallica compiled a double album of cover songs titled Garage Inc.. The first disc contained newly recorded covers by bands such as Killing Joke, The Misfits, Thin Lizzy, Mercyful Fate, and Black Sabbath. The second disc featured the original The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited, which had become a scarce collectors’ item. The album entered the Billboard 200 at number two.

On April 21 and April 22, 1999, Metallica recorded two performances with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra conducted by Michael Kamen. Kamen, who had previously worked with producer Rock on “Nothing Else Matters”, approached the band in 1991 with the idea of pairing Metallica’s music with a symphony orchestra. Kamen and his staff of over 100 composed additional orchestral material for Metallica songs. Metallica wrote two new Kamen-scored songs for the event, “No Leaf Clover” and “- Human”. The audio recording and concert footage were released in 1999 as the album and concert film S&M. It entered the Billboard 200 at number two, and the Australian ARIA charts and Top Internet Albums chart at number one.

Napster controversy (2000–2001)
In 2000, Metallica discovered a demo of its song “I Disappear”, which was supposed to be released in combination with the Mission: Impossible II soundtrack, was receiving radio airplay. Tracing the source of the leak, the band found the file on the Napster peer-to-peer file-sharing network, and also found that the band’s entire catalogue was freely available.[38] Legal action was initiated against Napster with Metallica filing a lawsuit at the U.S. District Court, Central District of California, alleging that Napster violated three areas of the law: copyright infringement, unlawful use of digital audio interface device, and the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act.

Ulrich led the case against Napster
Though the lawsuit named three universities for copyright infringement, the University of Southern California, Yale University, and Indiana University, no individuals were named. Yale and Indiana complied and blocked the service from its campuses, and Metallica withdrew the universities’ inclusion in the lawsuit. Southern California, however, had a meeting with students to figure out what was going to happen with Napster. School administrators wanted it banned as it used 40% of the bandwidth, which was not for educational purposes.

Metallica hired online consulting firm NetPD to monitor the Napster service for a weekend. A list of 335,435 Napster users who were believed to be sharing Metallica’s music was compiled, and the 60,000 page document was delivered to Napster’s office as Metallica requested the users be banned from the service. The users were banned, and rap artist Dr. Dre joined the lawsuit against Napster, which resulted in an additional 230,142 Napster users banned.

Ulrich provided a statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee regarding copyright infringement on July 11, 2000. Federal Judge Marilyn Hall Patel ordered the site place a filter on the program in 72 hours or be shutdown. A settlement was reached between Metallica and Napster when German media conglomerate Bertelsmann AG BMG showed interest to purchase the rights to Napster for $94 million. Under the terms of settlement, Napster agreed to block users who shared music by artists who do not want their music shared. However, on June 3, 2002 Napster filed for Chapter 11 protection under U.S. bankruptcy laws. On September 3, 2002, an American bankruptcy judge blocked the sale to Bertelsmann and forced Napster to liquidate its assets according to Chapter 7 of the U.S. bankruptcy laws.

At the 2000 MTV Video Music Awards, Ulrich appeared in a skit with host Marlon Wayans that blasted the idea of using Napster to share music. Marlon played a college student sitting in his dorm room listening to Metallica’s “I Disappear”. Ulrich walked in and asked for an explanation. On receiving Wayans’ excuse that using Napster was just “sharing”, Lars retorted that Marlon’s idea of sharing was “borrowing things that were not yours without asking.” He called in the Metallica road crew, who proceeded to confiscate all of Wayans’ belongings, leaving him almost nude in an empty room. Napster creator Shawn Fanning responded later in the ceremony by presenting an award wearing a Metallica shirt, saying, “I borrowed this shirt from a friend. Maybe, if I like it, I’ll buy one of my own. In 2007, Metallica was named #17 on Blender magazine’s list of “biggest wusses in rock” for its “anti-Napster crusade”.

Newsted’s departure and St. Anger (2001–2005)
As plans were being made to enter the recording studio, Newsted left the band on January 17, 2001. His statement revealed his departure was based on “private and personal reasons, and the physical damage I have done to myself over the years while playing the music that I love. During a Playboy interview with Metallica, Newsted revealed intentions he wanted to release an album with his side project Echobrain. Hetfield was against the idea and said, “When someone does a side project, it takes away from the strength of Metallica” and a side project is “like cheating on your wife in a way”. Newsted countered his statement by saying Hetfield recorded vocals for a song in the South Park movie, and appears on two Corrosion of Conformity albums. Hetfield replied, “My name isn’t on those records. And I’m not out trying to sell them”, and pondered questions such as, “Where would it end? Does he start touring with it? Does he sell shirts? Is it his band?”

Robert Trujillo was announced as Metallica’s bassist on February 25, 2003
In April 2001, filmmakers Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky began following Metallica to document the recording process of the next studio album. Over two years, more than 1,000 hours of footage was recorded. On July 19, 2001, before preparations to enter the recording studio, Hetfield entered rehab due to “alcoholism and other addictions”. All recording plans were put on hiatus and the band’s future was in doubt.[51] However, when Hetfield returned on December 4, 2001, the band returned to the recording studio and Hetfield was required to work four hours a day, noon to 4 PM, and spend the rest of his time with his family. The footage recorded by Berlinger and Sinofsky was compiled into the documentary, Some Kind of Monster, which premiered at the Sundance film festival. In the documentary, Newsted described his former bandmates’ decision to hire a therapist to help solve their problems as “really fucking lame and weak”.

Metallica held auditions for Newsted’s permanent replacement in early 2003, after St Anger’s completion. Bassists that auditioned included Pepper Keenan, Jeordie White, Scott Reeder, Eric Avery, Danny Lohner, and Chris Wyse. Following three months of auditions, Robert Trujillo, formerly of Suicidal Tendencies and Ozzy Osbourne’s band, was chosen as the new bassist. As Metallica moved on, Newsted joined Canadian thrash metal band Voivod in 2002, and was Trujillo’s replacement in Osbourne’s band during the 2003 Ozzfest tour, which included Voivod as part of the touring bill.

In June 2003, Metallica’s eighth studio album, St. Anger, debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. The album drew criticism from fans and critics, although some praised the aggression of the album. Ulrich’s “steely” sounding snare drum, and the absence of guitar solos received particular criticism. Kevin Forest Moreau of Shakingthrough.net commented that “the guitars stumble in a monotone of mid-level, processed rattle; the drums don’t propel as much as struggle to disguise an all-too-turgid pace; and the rage is both unfocused and leavened with too much narcissistic navel-gazing”,[53] and Brent DiCrescenzo of Pitchfork Media described it as “an utter mess”. However, Blender magazine called it the “grimiest and grimmest of the band’s Bob Rock productions”, and New York Magazine called it “utterly raw and rocking”. The title track, “St. Anger”, won the Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 2004, and was used as the official theme song for WWE’s SummerSlam 2003.

Before the band’s set at the 2004 Download Festival in England, Ulrich was rushed to hospital with a mysterious illness, and was unable to perform. Hetfield searched for volunteers at the last minute to replace Ulrich. Slayer drummer Dave Lombardo, and Slipknot drummer Joey Jordison volunteered. Lombardo performed the songs “Battery” and “The Four Horsemen”, Ulrich’s drum technician Flemming Larsen performed “Fade To Black”, with Jordison performing the remainder of the set.[56] Having toured for two years in support of St. Anger on the Summer Sanitarium Tour 2003 and the Madly in Anger with the World tour, Metallica took a break from performing and spent most of 2005 with friends and family. However, for two shows on November 13, 2005, and November 15, 2005, Metallica opened for The Rolling Stones at the AT&T Park in San Francisco.

Ninth studio album (2006–present)
Main article: Metallica’s ninth studio album

Hammett performing live in 2007
In 2006, Metallica announced on its official website that after 15 years, long-time producer Bob Rock was stepping down and would not be producing Metallica’s next studio album. Metallica chose to work with producer Rick Rubin, who has produced albums for bands including Danzig, Slayer, System of a Down, and Slipknot.[58] Metallica debuted an untitled song named “The New Song” on June 6,[59] and another song nicknamed “The Other New Song” on August 12.[60] However, in a June 2007 interview with Greece’s Rock Hard Magazine, Trujillo said that the songs “won’t make it [on the album], at least not in that form.

In December 2006, Metallica released a DVD containing all the music videos from 1989 to 2004. The DVD, titled The Videos 1989-2004, sold 28,000 copies in its first week, and entered the Billboard Top Videos chart at number three. Metallica recorded a cover of Ennio Morricone’s “The Ecstasy of Gold” for a tribute album titled We All Love Ennio Morricone, released in February 2007. The cover received a Grammy nomination at the 50th Grammy Awards for the category “Best Rock Instrumental Performance”. A recording of “The Ecstasy of Gold” has been played as the introduction for every Metallica performance since the 1980s. However, this new version features the band itself performing the piece, giving a new guitar-based interpretation to the music. On February 9, 2007, Metallica confirmed that pre-production on the ninth studio album had been completed, and recording began on March 12, 2007.[65] Set for release in February 2008, Metallica and Rubin “polished” vocal mixes throughout December 2007.

Metallica embarked on a European tour titled Sick of the Studio ‘07, which included 11 shows. In July, the band attended Live Earth in London, performing the songs “Sad But True”, “Nothing Else Matters”, and “Enter Sandman”. BBC, who were broadcasting the event from the UK, received 413 complaints after they missed the beginning of “Sad But True”, and cut off before “Enter Sandman” to a pre-recorded Crowded House performance from the Sydney, Australia show.[67][68] The band performed at Wembley Stadium the following day, as part of its Sick of the Studio ‘07, with support from Mastodon, Machine Head and HIM.
Style and lyrical themes

Music samples:
“Damage Inc.” (1986)

“Damage Inc.” (Master of Puppets), demonstrating Metallica’s fast tempo, and aggressive musicianship featured in early releases
Problems listening to the file? See media help.
“Sad But True” (1991)

“Sad But True” (Metallica) Robert Palmer of Rolling Stone believed the band abandoned fast tempos to expand its music and expressive range in 1991

Influenced by Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, and Led Zeppelin, early Metallica releases contained fast tempos, harmonized leads, and nine-minute instrumentals. Steve Huey of All Music Guide said that Ride the Lightning featured “extended, progressive epics; tight, concise groove-rockers”. Huey felt Metallica expanded its compositional technique and range of expression to take on a more aggressive approach in following releases, and lyrics dealt with more personal and socially conscious issues. Lyrical themes explored on Master of Puppets included religious and military leaders, rage, insanity, monsters, and drugs.

In 1991, with new producer Bob Rock, Huey felt Metallica simplified and streamlined its music for a more commercial approach to appeal to the mainstream audience. The band abandoned its aggressive, fast tempos to expand its music and expressive range, said Robert Palmer of Rolling Stone. The change in direction proved commercially successful as Metallica was the band’s first album to peak at number one on the Billboard 200. Metallica noticed changes to the rock scene created by grunge band Nirvana in the 1990s. In what has been described as “an almost alternative [rock]” approach, the band focused on non-metal influences and changed musical direction. Moving away from lyrical themes dealing with drugs and monsters, Metallica’s new lyrical approach focused on anger, loss, and retribution. Some fans and critics were not pleased with this change, which included haircuts, the cover of Load, and headlining the alternative rock concert Lollapalooza. David Fricke of Rolling Stone described the move as “goodbye to the moldy stricture and dead-end Puritanism of no-frills thrash” and called Load the heaviest record of 1996.[35] With the release of ReLoad in 1997, the band focused on blues, rock, and country influences as exemplified in the song “The Unforgiven II”, incorporating more rhythm and harmony in song structures.

St. Anger marked the biggest musical change of the band’s career. Bored of guitar solos, Ulrich chose to omit them from the album, leaving a “raw and unpolished sound”.[52] The band used drop C tuning, and Ulrich’s snare drum received particular criticism. New York Magazine’s Ethan Brown noted it “reverberates with a thwong”, Lyrics on the album dealt with Hetfield’s stint in rehab, including references to the devil, anti-drug themes, claustrophobia, impending doom, and religion’s hypocrisy.[75][76] The band’s ninth studio album will return to E tuning at the advice of producer Rick Rubin, contain guitar solos, and have Middle Eastern influences.

Legacy and influence
Metallica has become one of the most influential heavy metal bands, and is credited as one of the “big four” of thrash metal, along with Slayer, Anthrax, and Megadeth. The band has sold more than 90 million records worldwide, including 57 million in the United States, which makes Metallica the most commercially successful thrash metal band. The writers of The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll felt Metallica gave heavy metal “a much-needed charge”. Stephen Thomas Erlewine and Greg Prato of All Music Guide said Metallica, “expanded the limits of thrash, using speed and volume not for their own sake, but to enhance their intricately structured compositions”, calling the band “easily the best, most influential heavy metal band of the ’80s, responsible for bringing the music back to Earth.

Jonathan Davis of Korn respects Metallica as his favorite band and comments, “I love that they’ve done things their own way and they’ve persevered over the years and they’re still relevant to this day. I think they’re one of the greatest bands ever.”[83] Godsmack drummer Shannon Larkin said Metallica has been the biggest influence on the band stating, “they really changed my life when I was 16 years old - I’d never heard anything that heavy.”[84] Vocalist and guitarist Robb Flynn of Machine Head said that when creating the band’s 2007 album, The Blackening, “What we mean is an album that has the power, influence and epic grandeur of that album [Master of Puppets] – and the staying power - a timeless record like that”.[85] Trivium guitarists Corey Beaulieu and Matt Heafy said that when they heard Metallica they wanted to start playing guitar.[86][87] M Shadows of Avenged Sevenfold stated touring with Metallica was the band’s career highlight, and said “Selling tons of records and playing huge shows will never compare to meeting your idols [Metallica]. God Forbid guitarists Doc and Dallas Coyle grew up with Metallica as an inspiration, and the band’s bassist John Outcalt admires Burton as a “rocker”. Ill Niño drummer Dave Chavarri finds early Metallica releases as “heavy, raw, rebellious. It said, ‘fuck you’”,[90] and Adema drummer Kris Kohls says the band is influenced by Metallica.

Metallica guest starring in The Simpsons episode “The Mook, the Chef, the Wife and Her Homer”
Kerrang! released a tribute album with the April 8, 2006, edition of the magazine, titled Master of Puppets: Remastered, which celebrated the 20-year anniversary of Master of Puppets. The album featured cover versions of Metallica songs by the bands Machine Head, Bullet for My Valentine, Chimaira, Mastodon, Mendeed, and Trivium, all who are influenced by Metallica. Over 15 Metallica tribute albums have been released. On September 10, 2006, Metallica guest starred on The Simpsons’ eighteenth season premier “The Mook, the Chef, the Wife and Her Homer”,[92] and Hammett’s and Hetfield’s voices were used in three episodes of the animated television series Metalocalypse.

Finnish cello metal band Apocalyptica released a tribute album, Plays Metallica by Four Cellos, which featured eight Metallica songs recorded with cellos. A parody band named Beatallica plays music using a combination of The Beatles and Metallica songs. Beatallica faced legal troubles when the Sony Corporation, who own The Beatles’ catalogue, ordered a cease-and-desist claiming “substantial and irreparable injury”—ordering the group to pay damages. A fan of Beatallica, Ulrich asked Metallica lawyer Peter Paterno to help settle the legal case.

Metallica was ranked by MTV as the third “Greatest Heavy Metal Band in History”,[83] was listed fifth on VH1’s “100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock”,[95] and was number one on VH1’s “20 Greatest Metal Bands” list.[96] Master of Puppets was ranked number 167 on Rolling Stone’s “500 Great Albums of all time”, and Metallica was number 252.[97] Master of Puppets was named in Q Magazine’s “50 Heaviest Albums Of All Time”,[98] ranked number one on IGN’s “Top 25 Metal Albums”,[99] and number one on the Metal-rules.com “Top 100 Heavy Metal Albums” list.[100] The song “Enter Sandman” was ranked number 399 on Rolling Stone’s “500 Greatest Songs of All Time”.

On March 7, 1999, Metallica was inducted into the San Francisco Walk of Fame. The mayor of San Francisco, Willie Brown, proclaimed the day “Official Metallica Day”.[37] Metallica was awarded the MTV Icon award in 2003, and a concert was held paying tribute to the band with artists performing Metallica songs. Performances included Sum 41 with a medley of “For Whom the Bell Tolls”, “Enter Sandman”, and “Master of Puppets”. Staind covered “Nothing Else Matters”, Avril Lavigne played “Fuel”, rap artist Snoop Dogg performed “Sad But True”, Korn played “One”, and Limp Bizkit performed a rendition of “Welcome Home (Sanitarium)”.

Awards
Main article: List of Metallica awards
Metallica has won seven Grammy Awards:[55]
1990: Best Metal Performance – “One”
1991: Best Metal Performance – “Stone Cold Crazy”
1992: Best Metal Performance With Vocal – Metallica
1999: Best Metal Performance – “Better Than You”
2000: Best Hard Rock Performance – “Whiskey in the Jar”
2001: Best Rock Instrumental Performance - “The Call of Ktulu” with Michael Kamen and the San Francisco Symphony
2004: Best Metal Performance – “St. Anger”
MTV Video Music Awards:
1992: Best Metal Video – “Enter Sandman”
1996: Best Metal Video – “Until it Sleeps”
American Music Awards:
1996: Favorite Artist: Heavy Metal/Hard Rock: Metallica – Load
1996: Favorite Metal/Hard Rock Song – “Until it Sleeps”
Billboard Music Awards:
1997: Billboard Rock and Roll Artist of the Year – Metallica (RIAA Diamond Award)
1999: Catalogue Artist of the Year – Metallica
1999: Catalogue Album of the Year – Metallica
Kerrang! awards:
2003: Hall of Fame – Metallica
Band members

Main article: Metallica band members
James Hetfield – rhythm guitar, lead vocals (1981–present)
Kirk Hammett – lead guitar, backing vocals (1983–present)
Robert Trujillo – bass, backing vocals (2003–present)
Lars Ulrich – drums, percussion (1981–present)
Former members
Jason Newsted – bass, backing vocals (1986–2001)
Cliff Burton – bass, backing vocals (1982–1986)
Dave Mustaine – lead guitar, backing vocals (1982–1983)
Ron McGovney – bass (1982)
Discography

Main article: Metallica discography
Studio albums
1983: Kill ‘Em All
1984: Ride the Lightning
1986: Master of Puppets
1988: …And Justice for All
1991: Metallica
1996: Load
1997: ReLoad
2003: St. Anger
2008: Untitled ninth studio album

Thin Lizzy are an Irish hard rock band who formed in Dublin, Ireland in 1969. The band was originally led by bassist, songwriter and singer Phil Lynott. They are best known for their songs “Whiskey in the Jar”, “Jailbreak”, “The Boys Are Back in Town” and “Bad Reputation”, all major international hits still played regularly on hard rock and classic rock radio stations.

Critic for allmusic.com John Dugan has written that “As the band’s creative force, Lynott was a more insightful and intelligent writer than many of his ilk, preferring slice-of-life working-class dramas of love and hate influenced by Bob Dylan, Van Morrison, Bruce Springsteen, and virtually all of the Irish literary tradition.”[1] Van Morrison was a major influence as revealed in an interview with Phil Lynott in the movie Thin Lizzy the Rocker: A Portrait of Phillip Lynott. American groups Little Feat and Bob Seger also influenced Lizzy.[2] Their music covered much territory (including hints of country and traditional folk music), but is generally classified as traditional hard rock or heavy metal.

Though others had earlier used similar techniques, Thin Lizzy is widely recognised as one of the first hard rock bands to employ double lead guitar harmony (the twin guitar clash) - a technique pioneered by Wishbone Ash in the UK, whilst independently in the USA by Lynyrd Skynyrd and The Allman Brothers Band. This style was later refined and popularised by bands of the emerging New Wave of British Heavy Metal, Judas Priest and Iron Maiden especially. The latter group in particular has praised Thin Lizzy extensively and even covered the song “Massacre” from Lizzy’s popular Live and Dangerous album. Examples of this dual guitar harmony technique include “The Boys Are Back in Town” and “Cowboy Song” from Jailbreak. Brian Robertson’s unconventional use of the wah-pedal as an extension of the instrument during soloing rather than as a purely rhythmic effect, as described in the Total Accuracy video “Still in Love with the Blues” (featuring Brian Robertson & Stuart Bull), is a distinctive and influential sound.

Lynott is one of the few black men to achieve significant success in hard rock. As well as being a multiracial band, members were drawn from both sides of the Irish border and from both Catholic and Protestant communities.[4][5]
Thin Lizzy was ranked #51 on VH1’s 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock.

History
With Phil Lynott (1969-1983)
The group was founded in late 1969 in Dublin, Ireland, by Lynott, guitarist Eric Bell, electric organist Eric Wrixon and drummer Brian Downey. Wrixon was gone by early 1970, and tiring of the limited possibilities in Dublin, the group relocated to London in 1971.

Signing a contract with Decca Records, Thin Lizzy’s first hit came in 1973, with “Whiskey in the Jar”, a version of a traditional Irish song.

However, the group initially had problems matching the success of “Whiskey…”, and after a disastrous gig, where a drunken Bell walked offstage, leaving Lynott and Downey alone onstage, Bell left the group by mutual consent. His immediate replacement was Lynott’s former Skid Row band mate and guitarist Gary Moore who stayed long enough to record a number of tracks including the single ‘Little Darlin’ and ‘Still In Love With You’ (which he co wrote but wasn’t credited, although towards the end of his life, after Lizzy’s breakup, Lynott was always the first to confirm that ‘Still In Love With You’ was “Gary’s Song”) and securing a new record deal with Phonogram Records. After this Lynott and Downey regrouped, recruiting Scott Gorham and Brian Robertson as guitarists to make what was arguably the classic (and most successful commercially) Thin Lizzy lineup.
Fighting (1975) was their first album success, however the following album, Jailbreak, was a smash hit thanks to the singles “Jailbreak” and “The Boys Are Back in Town”, their most successful and remembered songs.

Robertson quit the group in 1978, and was replaced by Gary Moore, then a succession of guitarists (including Midge Ure at one stage), though the group was sometimes reduced to the core trio of Lynott, Gorham and Downey.

Thin Lizzy live in Oslo, Norway in 1977
During the late 1970s and early 80s, Thin Lizzy played to a rabid fanbase but was unable to break into mainstream markets. Unlike most established rock musicians, Lynott was a vocal supporter of early punk rock; this endeared him to some punk musicians and fans, but many more punks rejected Thin Lizzy as a useless relic.

Their live shows at this time were no-nonsense, no special effects affairs relying purely on the music and Lynott’s rapport with the fans. Encores would feature Lynott seemingly ignoring repeated requests from the crowd for “The Rocker”. Eventually, he would say “This is what I want to play… a song called The Rocker” and the band would launch into the crowd favourite. Their critically acclaimed live album Live and Dangerous has been called one of the best examples in the genre of concert recordings, having been voted the best live rock album of all time by readers of Classic Rock (magazine), as reported by the BBC.

One notable highlight for the band in their latter days was headlining the first ever Slane Castle concert in 1981 - and like all Irish dates, the final encore was a crowd pleasing “Whiskey In the Jar”. The supporting lineup that day included Kirsty McColl, Hazel O’Connor and U2.

After a farewell tour in 1983, Lynott dissolved Thin Lizzy and focused on his solo career. Lynott continued his solo career, which he had begun while still with the group with the album Solo in Soho, yielding hits in “Dear Miss Lonely Hearts”, “King’s Call” (featuring Mark Knopfler on guitar), and “Yellow Pearl” (used in the early 80s as the theme tune for the BBC programme Top of the Pops). He also recorded a rock’n'roll medley single in 1983, “We Are The Boys (Who Make All The Noise)” with Roy Wood, Chas Hodges and John Coghlan.

Post-breakup
Breakup and various reunion projects (1985-1996)
In 1985, Gary Moore and Phil Lynott rekindled their friendship and working relationship. Shortly afterwards they released a single together called “Out in the Fields”. With Brian Downey present on drums (he had become a frequent drummer on Moore’s solo albums), this single put the early 1974 lineup of Thin Lizzy back together. However, the single was released as “Gary Moore and Phil Lynott”, not Thin Lizzy. The song, composed by Gary, was lifted from his solo album Run for Cover featuring various contributions from Phil.

Lynott died in January 1986 from heart failure - a result of years of drug abuse. In the Summer of that year, the band reformed for Self Aid. Bob Geldof and Gary Moore both handled most lead vocals, though all of the band did for Whisky in the Jar. This lineup featured Bob Daisley on bass in Lynott’s absence, but otherwise featured Thin Lizzy’s last lineup - Gorham, Downey and Wharton.

After this, the band members did not work together until the recording of the single “Dedication” in 1991, when a rough demo of Lynott’s was worked into a finished song to commemorate the fifth anniversary of his death. Modern recording techniques were used to replace the guitar and drum tracks with new work by Brian Downey and Scott Gorham. The song also featured on a greatest hits compilation album, Dedication: The Very Best of Thin Lizzy. This is the only post-Lynott studio track to have been published by the band - several previously unheard live tracks have been published though.

Following this, numerous small reunion projects began to appear. In 1993, a lineup featuring Robertson and Downey performed with Bobby Tench on lead vocals, Doish Nagle on guitar and Dough Brookie on bass. They toured Ireland briefly as “An Evening With The Thin Lizzy Band”. Another version of Thin Lizzy touring as “A Tribute to Phil Lynott” formed shortly after, in 1994, retaining Downey but also containing Sykes (now also performing lead vocals), Gorham, Wharton and with bass parts played by Marco Mendoza.

Another compilation album called Wild One: The Very Best Of Thin Lizzy was released in 1996. It was supposed to include a new version of the title track, based on master tapes mixing original Lynott performances with new music. However the master tapes disappeared (presumed stolen), and the project was cancelled. The album appeared as a 2 CD set in Japan, with lots of rare/unreleased live recordings and B-sides. Because of this last minute ditching of the new version of “Wild One”, the song did not appear on the album at all despite being in the name and having lyrics from it quoted on the back of the album cover.
[edit]Reformation (1996-present)

In 1996 latter-day guitarist of Thin Lizzy, John Sykes decided to try and re-assemble Thin Lizzy, presenting the band as a tribute to Phil Lynott’s life and work. He decided to take on the role of lead vocals himself in the absence of Lynott, and persuaded Brian Downey and Scott Gorham to return to the fold. To complete the lineup, Marco Mendoza (who played with Sykes in Blue Murder from 1991-1993) filled Lynott’s shoes playing bass. Darren Wharton, who had been the band’s only official keyboardist, also joined. Lizzy itself had only had a keyboardist as an official member from 1980-1984, but it added to the new Thin Lizzy’s credibility nontheless.

In 1997, Tommy Aldridge filled in on drums when Brian Downey was unable to. He became a full fledged member when Downey left shortly, feeling the group was “too disorganised”. This lineup remained stable through to 2000, when the group recorded a live album, One Night Only. The band went on hiatus from 2000 until 2004, with Sykes releasing two solo albums in the gap in between (he would release one more in 2005).

Once again in 2004, Thin Lizzy returned. This time, Sykes and Gorham brought in Randy Gregg on bass (formerly of Angel) and Michael Lee on drums (Robert Plant, Echo & the Bunnymen, The Cult). This lineup proved temporary however, with Mendoza returning in 2005, and Aldridge returning in 2007. There are however, no plans for a new album though the band continues to tour. At the London Hammersmith Apollo concert of 13 December 2007 the lineup was Sykes, Gorham, Aldridge and Francesco DiCosmo on bass, as confirmed on ThinLizzyLive.com, the ‘official’ website of the touring band.
[edit]Origin of the band name

The origin of the band name was described by Brian Downey in an interview in the 2007 DVD Live and Dangerous: The band’s lead guitarist Eric Bell, who was a fan of John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers, bought a copy of Beano comic[7] after seeing Eric Clapton depicted reading a copy of its sister publication The Beano on the cover of the 1966 album Bluesbreakers with Eric Clapton. Bell suggested Tin Lizzie, the name of a robot character from the comic. Lynott liked the idea, but added an “h” and made the “ie” into “y”, which became Thin Lizzy.

One Night in Dublin: A Tribute to Phil Lynott
In 2005, Gary Moore (Thin Lizzy guitarist 1974, 1977, 1978-1979) and his band (Jonathan Noyce from Jethro Tull and fellow former-Lizzy member Brian Downey) performed a tribute concert to Phil Lynott in Dublin called “The Boy is Back in Town”. It featured a guest performance by Scott Gorham, and others from former Thin Lizzy guitarists Brian Robertson and Eric Bell.[8].

Thin Lizzy band members
Present Lineup
Lead Vocals: John Sykes (1994, 1996-present)
Guitar: John Sykes (1982-1984, 1994, 1996-present)
Guitar: Scott Gorham (1974-1984, 1986, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996-present)
Bass: Marco Mendoza (1994, 1996-2001, 2005-present)
Drums: Tommy Aldridge (1997-2001, 2007-present)

Former members
Original Lynott-era members of the band
Phil Lynott - lead vocals, bass, acoustic guitar (1969-1984)
Brian Downey - drums (1969-1984, 1986, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996-1998)
Eric Wrixon - keyboards (1969-1970)
Eric Bell - guitars (1969-1973, 1983)
Scott Gorham - guitars (1974-1984, 1986, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996-present)
Gary Moore - guitars (1974, 1977, 1978-1979, 1983, 1986)
Brian Robertson - guitars (1974-1978, 1983)
Snowy White - guitars (1980-1982)
Darren Wharton - keyboards (1980-1984, 1986, 1994, 1996-2001)
John Sykes - guitars (1983)

Post-Lynott reunion band members
Bob Geldof - lead vocals (1986)
Bob Daisley - bass (1986)
Bobby Tench - lead vocals (1993)
Doish Nagle - guitars (1993)
Dough Brookie - bass (1993)
Randy Gregg - bass (2004-2005)
Michael Lee - drums (2004-2006)
[edit]Temporary touring members
Andy Gee - guitars (1974)
John Du Cann - guitars (1974)
Mark Nauseef - drums (1978)
Midge Ure - guitars (1979)
Dave Flett - guitars (1979)

Discography
Studio albums
Thin Lizzy (1971)
Shades of a Blue Orphanage (1972)
Vagabonds of the Western World (1973)
Nightlife (1974)
Fighting (1975)
Jailbreak (1976)
Johnny the Fox (1976)
Bad Reputation (1977)
Black Rose: A Rock Legend (1979)
Chinatown (1980)
Renegade (1981)
Thunder and Lightning (1983)
Live albums
Live and Dangerous (1978)
Life (1983)
BBC Radio One Live in Concert (1994)
The Peel Sessions (1994)
Boys Are Back in Town: Live in Australia (1999)
One Night Only (2000)
Live videography
Live and Dangerous (2007)
Compilations
The Beginning, Vol 12 (Decca, 1974 - Germany)
Remembering (Decca, 08/76)
Rocker (1971-1974) (London, 1977 - USA)
The Continuing Saga of the Ageing Orphans (Decca, 09/79)
Profile (Decca, 1979 - Germany)
The Japanese Compilation Album (Vertigo, 25/02/80 - Japan)
The Adventures of Thin Lizzy (Vertigo, 27/03/81)
Lizzy Killers (Vertigo, 1981)
Whiskey in the Jar (Decca, 1981 - Germany)
Rockers (Decca, 12/81)
Thin Lizzy - Der Weisse Serie (Decca, 1982 - Germany)
Whiskey in the Jar (Karussell, 1983 - Germany)
The Boys Are Back in Town (Pickwick, 11/83)
The Collection (Castle, 11/85)
Whiskey in the Jar (Pickwick, 04/86)
Soldier Of Fortune (Telstar, 11/87)
Lizzy Lives (Grand Slamm, 03/89 - USA)
Dedication: The Very Best of Thin Lizzy (Vertigo, 04/02/91)
Wild One: The Very Best Of Thin Lizzy (04/01/96)
Whiskey in the Jar (Karussell, Spektrum, Universal, 1996, 1998, 2000)
Master Series (Deram, 1998 - Germany)
The Boys Are Back in Town (Vertigo, 06/12/00 - Sweden)
Vagabonds, Kings, Warriors, Angels (Mercury, 07/12/01 - 4CD Box Set)
Thin Lizzy Greatest Hits (Universal, 07/06/04)
The Definitive Collection (Thin Lizzy) (Island Mercury, 20/06/06)

Aerosmith is a prominent American hard rock band, sometimes referred to as “The Bad Boys from Boston” and “America’s Greatest Rock and Roll Band”. Their unique style, rooted in blues-based hard rock, has also come to incorporate elements of pop, heavy metal, glam, and R&B, which has inspired legions of rock artists that came after them. They are the bestselling American hard rock band of all time, having sold 150 million albums worldwide, including 66.5 million albums in the United States alone. They also hold the record for the most gold and multi-platinum albums by an American group.[7] The band has scored 21 Top 40 hits on the Billboard Hot 100, nine #1 Mainstream Rock hits